What is peak oil Is there any evidence that cities in the developing Essay

What is top oil Is there any proof that urban areas in the creating scene are paying attention to the issue in their arranging If there is almost no proof, why would that be the situation - Essay Example st of the conceivably oil rich districts have just been investigated, and furthermore because of enactment concerning the conservation of land with characteristic magnificence or legacy esteem. The irreversible decrease in oil creation will cause unfriendly effects in the worldwide economy, â€Å"recession, food deficiencies and wars and clashes over the rest of the oil supplies† (Huddart and Stott 873). Continuously 2030, it is anticipated that while city tenants in created nations would have expanded by 20%, the urban populace in creating nations would have dramatically increased to around 4 billion individuals, prompting stuffing in a few urban communities. In contemporary society there is an overwhelming reliance on oil for transportation, in industry, and in different prerequisites for fluid non-renewable energy sources. â€Å"China, India and different nations are quickly expanding their utilization while creation from realized oil fields is peaking† (Wissler 80). Kenneth S. Deffeyes (23) raises a questionable point of view dependent on geography and arithmetic; he thinks of it as impossible that extra significant oilfields currently stay unfamiliar, and predicts progressively troublesome financial, social and political conditions especially for locales generally reliant on oil, explicitly imported oil. Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and different exporters of oil will have the option to charge high rates to satisfy the requests for the product, bringing about steep oil value climbs followed by more noteworthy confusion than comparable events in 1973 and 1979. The issue of ‘peak oil’ is additionally identified with the issue of an unnatural weather change. At the point when oil creation pinnacles and starts declining, it will be important to utilize different substitutes other than inexhaustible assets inspected above, for example, coal. This will be important to control electric and half and half vehicles and as the material changed over into diesel fuel. These procedures delivering carbon dioxide will build air and water contamination, and antagonistically influence environmental change. â€Å"Therefore, a likely impact of environmental change is expanded

Essay Topics For Students To Consider

Essay Topics For Students To ConsiderThere are many essay topics for students to consider. You will find that most of them are very popular, but there are also a few you should avoid. Here are some topics that you should avoid when writing your essay:Previous research. Students who have read information on the topic will appreciate knowing what the facts are prior to writing their essays. If you try to just ramble through a lot of facts, they won't understand what you're trying to say and therefore won't pay attention to the rest of your essay. In fact, if they see you ramble too much in a sentence, they might stop reading and start reading some other things.Analyzing things in order to make decisions. Students will probably take more interest in topics that deal with how a situation is resolved rather than ones where they try to make decisions on the spot. Consider this an opportunity to demonstrate your analytical skills so that your students can develop the skill with you.Listing all the things you need to buy. If you try to list everything in a list, your students won't be able to follow your ideas because they won't know what to do with all the things. Provide them with details of what they need to buy and then encourage them to think creatively about the different options they might have.Create problems for your readers. Try to come up with situations in which your characters are in trouble. And don't be afraid to use your own life as a jumping off point. That way, your readers will be better able to relate to you because they will see your experiences.So how do you find essay topics for students to consider? It really depends on the subject you are writing about. The reason this is important is that some topics will require specific forms of writing or work, and that will mean that the essay topics for students to consider would be different from the topics they would do when writing a paper.This doesn't mean that they are less interesting to write about , however. Students may find great topics to write about when they look at their subject in a completely different light. For example, if you are writing about natural disasters, the first thing you might want to look at is the positive side to an event rather than focusing on the negative effects.It's always important to remember that while essay topics for students to consider may be specific to your topic, they can still be used in other topics as well. For example, you can use other topics as essay topics for the paper. Or if you are writing a business proposal, you can find essay topics for students to consider in that case as well.

Flawless Tips on Selecting Your PhD Thesis Topic

How to Choose the Right PhD Thesis Topics? our site Dissertation TopicsSelecting the correct PhD Thesis theme is testing, however in the event that you get this progression right, you are on the correct way to finishing your investigations and getting your degree. Settling on your PhD theme must be an aftereffect of intensive research and different discussions with your understudy bolster group. You have to know precisely what your university’s prerequisites are and what your educators are expecting of you. In the event that you realize the examination field or zone of your teacher, you may pick a point that is identified with it, so you get a lot of help from your manager when attempting to find ongoing productions or finishing your writing review.What to Ask Yourself Before You Choose Your PhD Thesis TopicTo be effective at shortlisting the most fitting doctoral theory themes or PhD proposition subject, you have to ask yourself the accompanying inquiries: Is the PhD proposition point pertinent to late patterns in research, and identified with your investigations You have to check look into ventures submitted in your specialty in the previous barely any years. On the off chance that you need assistance finding these in the chronicles, ask your supervisor’s help. Is there enough starter writing to help your doctoral theory or PhD proposition point You have to play out a speedy writing research so as to see whether your subject is ebb and flow, regardless of whether you can add to the current writing, and expand on existing exploration. What are the current hot patterns in your branch of knowledge You should choose a PhD postulation point that will offer some benefit for specialists and the individuals who work in the field. Check for momentum issues, patterns, utilizing a diary search of late distributions. In the event that you discover a subject that pulls in a serious discussion, you may very well have discovered a triumphant doctoral postulation theme. Which speculations you might want to apply? You, as a PhD understudy, are probably going to have a most loved hypothesis or approach. Search for subjects that permit you to use your propelled information in the hypothesis. Which research approach a way of thinking might you want to utilize? You have to ensure that your doctoral proposal is attainable, and can be finished in the given time. For instance, on the off chance that you are wanting to make a longitudinal report, you may require a long time to finish your exposition, as all the outcomes should be dissected. Will you gain admittance to the information and research devices? When you waitlist your PhD proposition points, you have to ensure that you will approach the product expected to investigate the outcomes and you can access the data. For instance, in the event that you are a MBA understudy, and might want to explore an organization, you have to pick up assent from the administration to do the exploration. In what manner will the examination upgrade your future profession? You have to pick your doctoral paper theme as indicated by your advantage and future profession. Your exploration will show your potential businesses your enthusiasm for the given subject and you will be bound to land the position. A PhD exposition ought to likewise sum up your insight into the point you concentrated during your course. Be that as it may, displaying scholastic aptitudes and hypothetical information is just 50% of the activity. You have to include heaps of imagination, and build up a special methodology that will make an incentive for analysts and experts working in the field. Recollect that your PhD exposition should feature your examination aptitudes and show the college that you can deal with your own drive, create thoughts, and include an incentive to the literature.Tips Selecting Your PhD Thesis TopicBefore you start, acclimate yourself with momentum writing and patterns, and ensure that you know which points have look into holes you can construct your PhD theory on. Take part in conversations on your chose points in your staff, to increase significantly more knowledge. Converse with your curator or understudy bolster staff about your thoughts. They will have the option to solidify your mus ings and explain your examination approach and course Make sure that your subject is sensible. Start with a more extensive research proposal, and limited it down to a progressively explicit one. This will make your point simpler to oversee. Guarantee that your subject will stay pertinent and fascinating for quite a while. You would prefer not to expound on an innovation that may be obsolete in a couple of years or an issue that is being settled by government enactment. The examination needs to fill a hole in the current writing. It is significant that you watch that your examination is remarkable in the field, and no comparable investigations are in advance or have been distributed. It is a smart thought to begin your own exposition points document and take it with you to classes and boss gatherings. Add to it, dispose of things from the rundown, and you will be on the riht way to building up your ideal PhD proposition points. Make a course of events gauge for every point. Along the se lines, you can choose which doctoral paper themes are achievable, and which will be trying to finish in a given time. Search for recommendations from your college or ask your manager. Recall that your college gets and makes a decision about a lot of expositions consistently, and they have a lot of understanding. Attempt to contact different specialists and specialists in the field while thinking about a branch of knowledge. They will be glad to help your examination and give you functional and scholarly counsel. Settling on your doctoral thesis theme is one of the most significant choices you will look during your examinations. Try not to feel overpowered by the quantity of choices and the necessities. On the off chance that you are in question, you can generally look for additional direction from your college or individual teacher. On the off chance that you despite everything think that its hard to conclude, you can glance through our site’s Free Dissertation Topics segment that has a rundown of subjects for different controls, from venture the executives to wellbeing and social consideration. Then again, you can contact our site with your question and get proficient exhortation from our expert scholarly composing specialists. Likewise, don’t neglect to checkout our site article on the best way to structure a Dissertation Chapters and Sub ChaptersDo you need assistance composing your Dissertation? Request Dissertation Today OR Call Now 855-997-2158Summary Reviewer John Review Date 2017-08-18 Reviewed Item Tips on Selecting your PhD Thesis Topic Author Rating 5

Why is Human Trafficking Popular Today - Free Essay Example

When a person thinks of the word trafficking automatically they refer to the definition of trading something whether it be an item, animal or humans. Human trafficking is defined according to the Polaris Project (2016) as a form of modern day slavery where people profit from others loss of freedom. There is not just one particular citizen that fits this description. Everyone can be affected by this action especially children in the sex trade industry, adults over the age of 18 who are tricked into commercial acts of sex. Of course those are the typical ones that are affected but no one thinks about the bigger picture. There are so many more types of children and adults that are pulled into this life not by choice but by force. According to the U.S. Federal Law on the Prostitution of Children in code 18 U.S.C ? § 1591- Sex trafficking of children or by force, fraud, or coercion is unlawful. Many children that have unstable homes are a great target for people who are looking to tr affic humans. Children that are in an environment that they feel they can not deal with tend to run away. Runaways are a very big target market for pimps looking to exploit them. When the victim is a female they are at a greater risk when they are running away from their own homes, youth homes, group homes, foster care and other treatment facilities. Women are of course the main target. Many of them get caught up because of the sex industry. Experts have reported that within 48 hours of running away, an adolescent is likely to be approached to participate in prostitution or another form of commercial sexual exploitation (Spangenberg, 2001). Nationally, the average age at which girls first become exploited through prostitution is 12â€Å"14 years old, but direct service providers around the country report they have been encountering increasingly younger victims over the past decade (Estes Weiner, 2001; Lloyd, 2005). Homeless youth are also at risk because they lack employment, f unds, interpersonal skills and the basic family dynamics that includes support and nurturing from their families. Prostitution and pornography are sure ways many women get caught up in the system. Young women find themselves running away from home and ending up in the streets doing prostitution to make ends meet. Some women end up in the porn industry because of the quick cash they can make for each movie they put out. This is the breeding ground where old school pimps find their new bait and catch these women in a web of deceit and lies. Although the terms prostitution and human traffic have different meanings, the debate of exploitation for sex is common among the two concepts because there is a gain for the pimp which is the money they make for the girls turning tricks (MacKinnon, 2011). Many women and men think that prostitution is by choice. Unfortunately, pimps are trafficking women and even men against their will. There are certain criteria Human Traffickers look for in the p roduct they will sell to those who use forced labor â€Å" gullibility, physical health, and the most important attribute, profitability. All race and ethnicities are at risk for human trafficking. Human trafficking does not discriminate. A person does not have to be a certain race, gender or creed. All they look for in an individual is a body that is capable of performing certain acts and following directions at a drop of a dime. At the end of the day trafficking is about control and making money which are components to running a successful human trafficking enterprise. Sad but true, not only is human sex trafficking slavery but it is big business. It is the fastest-growing business of organized crime and the third-largest criminal enterprise in the world (Walker-Rodriguez Hill, 2011). The majority of sex trafficking is international, with victims taken from such places as South and Southeast Asia, the former Soviet Union, Central and South America, and other less developed ar eas and moved to more developed ones, including Asia, the Middle East, Western Europe, and North America according to the Department of Justice. Many people will get human trafficking mixed up with human smuggling. Human smuggling is typically done with the consent of the smuggled individual who intends to enter the U.S. by any means necessary (Logan, Walker, Hunt, 2009, p. 5). That means the relationship between the individual that was smuggled and their smuggler is terminated because the purpose of them getting into the country has been completed. Many times in a human smuggling case transporting the individual is only part of the crime and they end up getting caught in a cycle of having to continuously pay for being trafficked and this turns into a human trafficking situation. What do they look like? This is one of the many questions police and government officials have a hard time trying to figure out. They come in all shapes and forms which are very deceiving. These individ uals could be your neighbor and one would never know. Traffickers are pimps, intimate partners, small business owners, gang and criminal networks and even brothel owners which are sometimes disguised as massage parlors. Anyone can be a human trafficker if they understand the ins and outs of the business. A portion of the sex crimes against children are committed by juveniles and women especially sexual assaults committed against very young children in their own homes (Estes Weiner, 2001, p. 14). Sexual exploiters of children include: pedophiles transient males including members of the military, truck drivers, seasonal workers, conventioneers and sex tourists, among others; opportunistic exploiters, i.e., persons who will sexually abuse whoever is available for sex including children and other juveniles There seems to be four main reasons why people stay entrapped in this vicious cycle. These reasons range from fear, lack of knowledge, isolation, physical and psychological confineme nt. Fear is a big factor in why the victims feel hopeless. They are scared of being beaten, tortured and maybe even killed. They dont want to risk not getting paid the little bit of money that they do receive. They worry about threats being made to harm their families therefore they suffer in silence. Other big fears are facing deportation, jail time, loosing custody to their children and prosecution for illegal activities. In other countries there are many police and government officials that are corrupt and work with traffickers. Victims are then too scared to contact U.S. officials for help because of fear. Between 244,000 and 325,000 American youth are considered at risk for sexual exploitation, and an estimated 199,000 incidents of sexual exploitation of minors occur each year in the United States (Clawson, Dutch, Solomon, Grace, 2009, Trafficking within the United States, para. 1). As a multibillion dollar industry with nearly 1.2 million children in the sex trade around t he globe (UNICEF) human trafficking has been the focus of many nonprofit organizations (Moser, 2012, p.223). In addition to domestic sex trafficking, American minors and adults are likely trafficked for forced labor; however, children are generally preferred to adults in the labor world as they are more easily controlled, cheaper, and less likely to demand better working conditions (Herzfeld, 2002). According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Uniform Crime Reports (2006), across the United States 36,402 boys and 47,472 girls younger than age 18 were picked up by law enforcement and identified as runaways. The United States has a big task at hand, which is gaining more insight on the issue of human trafficking. More research and data is needed in order to properly address the problem. Even though some government agencies have been formed they are still not accurate in the number of victims being used for trafficking purpose. More government programs and training are needed evaluate the needs of the victims such as health, mental health, housing, education, and protection. There needs to be more treatment programs to help victims regain access back into the world as a free person and not one under the mind games of modern day slavery. There needs to be harsher laws put into effect to punish the ones that are committing these unspeakable crimes against. Police are in need of training on how to pinpoint a victim and what to look for. If

The Female Villain Lady Tremaine - 1601 Words

Disney has been influencing society for a long time. As a young person growing up with Disney, they look for identities that they can connect to. Females will look up to the princess and males will look up to the prince. But, who looks up to the villain? A traditional female villain may be seen as the antagonist to the male hero counterpart. They are important to the plot of the story, as they are the ones who manipulate other characters with their evil and wicked ways. Some serious women whom can act very scary, very serious and very evil have been cast as, female villains. The female villain in Cinderella, Lady Tremaine, shows the exact characteristics of the traditional female villain. Comparing the traditional characteristics and actions of a traditional villain to Lady Tremaine it will be shown that even though she may be beautiful she is still the root of evil in Cinderella. By comparing specific identities and characteristics of the traditional female villain and explaining ho w lady Tremaine is presented and the way she acts, it will be shown that she follows only some of the traditional villain attributes. Also, that she pushes to be her own individual female villain when comparing her to traditional Disney villains. There are many things that evil villains are categorized as to doing, but there has always been an underlying reason for this. Often, the villain will have a hardship of their own, before they change their ways to be evil. The Disney villain stereotypesShow MoreRelatedGender Roles Of Disney Films1598 Words   |  7 Pagesand even small feet; an unnatural and unhealthy body size. To this day the idea of having this â€Å"ideal† body is still something that is presented in almost all Disney films. This idea changes when it comes to the appearance of the villain of the film. Lady Tremaine from Cinderella, Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty, and the Evil Queen from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs are all women antagonists that are portrayed with traits that are unattractive in facial features and their body shape. The antagonistRead MoreFeminist Criticism Of Disney1789 Words   |  8 Pagesissues buried deep within the films. One of the largest conflicts critics come across is the portrayal of Disney’s villains. From the time Snow White came out in 1937 up until the release of Frozen in 2013, there had been severe concerns with the representation of women within the films and even some of the men. In fact, when carefully examining the princess movies that starred a female villain- Snow White, Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, The Little Mermaid, and Tangled-one is sure to see that these womenRead MoreDisney s Employment Of Various Master Narratives And Its Way Of Representin g Crimes And Criminals2267 Words   |  10 Pages† These narratives and expectations that people have exist within systems of power, whether political, social, economic or cultural (Romero Stewart, 1999). Disney in particular utilizes an individualistic narrative, in which a majority of the ‘villains’ are inherently ‘evil’ and the crimes committed are intrinsically a result of their character rather than an act of circumstance and social conditions. An individualistic conception of crime ignores how social conditions can effect crime rates and

Analysis Of To Build A Fire By Jack London - 1006 Words

The short story, â€Å"To Build a Fire,† written by Jack London took place on the Yukon trail. Further analysis led to the discovery that the story took place in Alaska. The setting became an important aspect within this story due to how much description was given to how cold it was. The cold weather suggests that the time of year was during the winter months. The setting of the story reminds readers that there are harsh places in the world, where nature becomes overwhelmingly powerful. The short story starts off with a Man on a mission. His mission is to get to Henderson Creek by six o’clock, where the boys are waiting for him. However, he must get past the Yukon trail. He is a newcomer to the trail and is unaware of the dangers that are†¦show more content†¦He seems to not have â€Å"common sense,† to say the least. At the start of the story it is only reasonable that common sense would have been used to not make the trip at all or atleast listen to those, the old timer, who have more experience than he does. However, his ignorance to the dangers of the extreme cold eventually led straight to his death. His actions throughout the short story were not given any thought process prior. Therefore, each obstacle he built himself or came across re-established his lack of experience with nature that is more powerful than him. The dog within the short story relied on his natural instincts, which were the best reactions when considering the setting of the story. Overall, the dog was loyal throughout the story for staying by the Man’s side even when he was wrong. He stayed with him even when the Man tried to kill him for his own selfishness. The dog has an instinctive understanding of the dangers that come with traveling in harsh weather, unlike the Man. His intelligence and instinct is what kept the dog alive, and one can infer that when the Man died, the dog went to find the camp of boys. Minor characters in the short story include the old timer and the boys. The old timer gives advice at Sulpher creek to the Man; that he should not travel alone in such cold weather. It is noticeable that the old timer is an experienced older man. The wise old timer proved to be right toward the end of the short story, when the ManShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of To Build A Fire By Jack London926 Words   |  4 PagesHow London uses the battle between the master and the servant in the short story? In the short story To build a Fire by Jack London, was in the late 1890s in the Yukon in Alaska. Where there was a man traveling through the mountains and trails. â€Å"Where there was no promising sun, although there was not a cloud in the sky.† It was a clear and cold day. The man wasnt just traveling through Yukon trails. He was a newcomer to the land and this was his first working winter. When the man startedRead MoreAn Analysis Of To Build A Fire By Jack London1673 Words   |  7 Pages In the story To Build a Fire written by Jack London, a man and a dog travel together through the Yukon in freezing temperatures to get to a cabin where the man’s friends are. The significant events in the story include the man falling into a creek, the man’s fire going out and the dog leaving the mans body reveal the authors’ own understanding of how nature and humanity interact. The use of third person point of view and symbolism work together in order to help readers understand the themes thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Jack London s An Build A Fire 1422 Words   |  6 PagesJack London’s short story â€Å"To Build A Fire† shows that valuing your pride too much can lead to harm, particularly in unsafe environments. The protagonist of this story is a man who is a newcomer to the Klondike region and is traveling during his first winter there, accompanied only by a native husky. He faces various challenges on his journey, including snowy negative seventy- five degrees fahrenheit weather and frozen river â€Å"traps†. However, his blatant sense of pride eliminates some of his instinctsRead MoreAnalysis Of Jack Londons For Build A Fire And His Wise Dog Set Out On The Yukon Trail1759 Words   |  8 PagesIn Jack Londons’ â€Å"To Build A Fire,† a stubborn man with â€Å"no imagination† and his wise dog set out on the Yukon trail seeking out his camp in hopes to return and meet up with â€Å"the boys.† Being a â€Å"chechaquo,† a new comer to the land (Dictionary.com, 2015), this was his first Winter. â€Å"It was a clear day and yet there seemed an intangible pall over the face of things, a subtle gloom that made the day dark, and that was due to the absence of sun. The face did not worry the man.† (London, 629). TheRead MoreEssay on Comparing the Two Versions of To Build a Fire1096 Words   |  5 Pages Comparing the Two Versions of To Build a Fire nbsp; I am absolutely confident that beyond the motif itself, there is no similarity of treatment whatever (544). Jack London, writing in December 1908, was responding to an inquiry from the Richard W. Gilder, editor of Century Magazine. Gilder, having just published To Build a Fire in his magazine, was worried when he came across another version published 6 years earlier. Londons explanation was that the first story was for boys and theRead MoreNaturalism In Jack Londons To Build A Fire1113 Words   |  5 Pages Analysis of â€Å"To Build a Fire† Jomar Peralta English 101 Glendale Career College  To Build a Fire The story â€Å"To Build a Fire† narrates about a man who decides to travel through freezing temperatures of Yukon and becomes a victim of the unforgiving power of nature. The temperatures reading 170 below the freezing point, the man decides to light a fire. Having several attempts to light the fire, he decides to run around like a â€Å"chicken with its head cut off† and finally comes to rest to meetRead MoreEssay about Epiphany in to Build a Fire961 Words   |  4 PagesAn Analysis of the Man’s Epiphany in To Build a Fire The short story To Build a Fire, written by Jack London, is a tragic tale of an overconfident, inexperienced man traveling through the brutal, sub-freezing conditions of the Yukon with only the companionship of a dog. The man, un-named in this story, arrogantly decides to break from the main trail to take a less traveled route against the advice of the seasoned old-timer of Sulfur Creek, who warns of traveling alone in such severe conditionsRead MoreCritical Analysis To Build A Fire944 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Analysis â€Å"To Build a Fire† Jack London used naturalism in â€Å"To Build a Fire† to help the reader understand the events of everyday life. Naturalism showed just how humans had to be watchful at every corner because at a moment’s notice death could be there, waiting for them to make an error that can cost them their lives. The story is about a man who was on a devastating journey across the Yukon Territory near Alaska. London used the idea of naturalism to help portray how harsh and violentRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Lt. Cross1129 Words   |  5 PagesSharneka Parker ENGL 2010 Valerie Belew 07/01/2017 1. Provide a character analysis of Lt. Cross in â€Å"The Things They Carried.†(20 pts.) †¢ In the story â€Å"The Things They Carried† by Tim O’Brien, Lt. Cross is a young soldier who like many others was drafted into the war. Though he is the leader of the Alpha Company, he doesn’t show it, he is not emotionally nor patriotically devoted. Lt. Cross was distracted from the war that was going on by his feelings for Martha whose letters and photos were a fantasyRead MoreEssay on No Accidents in Jack Londons To Build a Fire2550 Words   |  11 Pages As the title implies, Jack Londons 1908 short story contains within its narrative a literal set of sequential directions on how To Build a Fire. London extends this sequential conceit to his fatidic vision of the universe. Unlike the dog in the story, who can rely on its pure-bred arctic instinct as it navigates through the dangerous tundra, the anonymous man possesses a duller, myopic instinct which is unable foresee the consequentiality of the environment. This instinctual flaw in

Sentence and Michael free essay sample

The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets. 3. You are advised to spend not more than 35 minutes in answering Question 1 and 20 minutes in answering Question 2. Question 1 (Do not spend more than 35 minutes on this question). Write a composition (350 – 400 words) on any one of the following:- (25 Marks) 1. Recall a remarkable event of social importance in your city or locality. Give a little of its background, the event as it occurred, and its impact on the lives of people. . Cinema, both entertains and educates the masses. Express your views either for or against this statement. 3. Siblings often grow up side by side in families; yet have very different life experiences. If you have one or more siblings and feel that your lives have differed significantly, write an essay explaining the reasons and the effects of such differences. 4. Relate an incident or write a short story which has as its central idea ‘advice not taken’. 5. Study the picture given below. Write a story or a description or an account of what it suggests to you. Your composition may be about the subject of the picture or may take suggestions from it; however, there must be a clear connection between the picture and your composition. Question 2 (Do not spend more than 20 minutes on this question. ) Select one of the following:- (10 Marks) 1. One of your grandparents has completed one hundred years of age. Write a letter congratulating him/her, expressing gratitude, praise and admiration for the way he/she has lived his/her life. 2. A company has been marketing spurious medicines behind claims that its product could be effective in preventing the avian flu or other forms of influenza. Write a letter to the Drug Controller General of the Directorate of Health Services, examining the claim of the company and explaining the harm these kind of claims could cause. Question 3 Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:The boy was idling in the market-place on the look out for mischief. All at once he saw it beckoning him. Workmen had been slating the church spire, and their ladders stretched invitingly from earth to steeple. All children like scrambling up to high places to see if the world looks any different from an apple tree or a stable loft. Over and above his love for climbing, (5 Marks) Michael had a longing to do things that had never been done before. As he gazed at the spire, crowned by a golden ball and weather-vane, an idea crept into his A mind – he would be the first person in Flushing to stand on the golden ball beneath the weather-vane! He glanced around. No one was looking; Michael began to swarm up the ladder. At the top of the tower there rose a slated spire crowned by a golden ball and weather-vane. At last Michael found himself squatting on top of the ball, holding on by the vane. (10) Presently he heard workmen moving below. He did not peer over or speak. He was not going to be hauled down before Flushing had seen him. The voices died away and Michael sat resting. (15) At last he felt ready to startle the town. He pulled himself to his feet, and, keeping tight hold of the weather-vane, managed to stand on top of the ball. It was well that he had a cool head and iron nerves. Someone must have cast a casual glance up at the vane and seeing his little figure, cried out. In a minute or two Michael was delighted to see the market-place full of people who had rushed out of their shops and houses to gaze at the dizzy sight. It was splendid to have all those eyes and hearts glued upon you! 20) But Michael did not intend to stay there until he was fetched down, to be handed over to his father and cuffed before the crowd. After a while he prepared to descend of his own free will. (25) He leaned over the ball. The ladder had gone. The workmen had taken it away! A sudden feeling of sickness and giddiness came over Michael. He mastered it. To wait for rescue was a humiliating end to his escapade. He would come down alone, even if it cost him his life. (30) The spire at the base of the ball was only half slated, and Michael saw some hope of gaining a foothold on the old part. He clasped his arms round the top of the ball and let his body swing down; he was just able to feel the first slate with his toes. Those toes were shod with iron toe-caps, for Michael was hard on his shoes. Michael kicked with his armoured toes till the slate crashed and fell in; then he got a foothold on the wooden laths beneath. (35) He rested for a minute, with aching arms and a stiff body. He must change his grip on the ball, which was too big to slide his arms down; he must get clear of it, and somehow grasp the spire beneath. One false move and he would be hurled to death on the cobbles below. 40) Slowly he began to slide his hands together at the top of the ball, and then downward over its bulging face. Every inch was packed with peril; every inch pushed him backward towards death. It seemed to him that he would be too weak to hold on when the time came for him to grasp the spire. But at last the steady, deadly creeping of his fingers brought him to a point where he could bend forward. With a sudden snatch he caught the base of the ball. The next moment he was kicking out a stairway in the old tiles and swarming swiftly down. He reached the foot of the spire, lifted the trapdoor of the tower, ran down the steps, and was caught by his father in the organ loft. (45) (a) Three words from the passage are given below. Give the meaning of each word as used in the passage. One word answers or short phrases will be accepted: (3 Marks) 1. startle (line 17) 2. casual (line 20) 3. grasp (line 39) (b) Answer the following questions briefly in your own words:1. What was Michael doing in the market-place? What attracted his attention? 2. What did Michael long to do? What did he plan to do to accomplish this? . How did Michael display ‘a cool head and iron nerves’? 4. Which sight filled Michael’s heart with delight and why? 5. Why did Michael not wait for rescue? 6. Use the word ‘face’(line 42) in a sentence of your own such that it has a different meaning from that it carries in the passage. (c) With close reference to the last five paragraphs of the extract and in not more than 60 word s, trace Michael’s descent from the top of the ball to the foot of the spire. (d) Give a titsle to your summary in 3(c). State a reason to justify your choice. Question 4 a) In the following passage, fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage, but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space. (4 Marks) Example: (0) am convinced. I (0) _______ (convince) that my father (1) _______ (remember) by all those who value integrity. He (2) _______ (be) a man of learning and also saw to it that he (3) _______ (teach) his pupils with passion and patience. He, at times (4) _______ (use) to lose his temper, but that was because he always (5) _______ (want) his pupils to learn and learn well. As a person, he was honest and simple. His greatness (6) _______ (lie) in the fact that he (7) _______ (have) a pure heart, devoid of malice. Such a man is always valued and (8)_______ (be) very rare to find. (b) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:- (4 Marks) 1. Truth always prevails _______ the long run. 2. Sujata stood _______ the river and saw the ship pass by. 3. She took some money _______ her father to buy a video game. 4. Shilpa gave me a rare gift _______ my birthday. 5. Deepak was very upset _______ me. 6. Michelle is longing _______ meet me. 7. It has been a long time _______ I met my sister. 8. The worker asked _______ his wages. (c) Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using and, but or so: (4 Marks) 1. John gave me the novel. John wanted me to review it. 2. Debjani received my note. She sent her reply within a week. 3. Raja is a great footballer. He is also popular. 4. Jennifer saw that I was confused. She came to my rescue. (d) Re-write the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not change the meaning of each sentence: (8 Marks) 1. Anne paid a heavy price for her recklessness. (Begin: It†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ) 2. No sooner had Ram narrated the story than he was praised. (Begin: Hardly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ) 3. Tanuja is a very friendly girl and is always cheerful. (Begin: Besides†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ) 4. They had to put off the garden partly because of the heavy rain. (Begin: The heavy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ) 5. Margaret said to me, â€Å"Please do not forget to meet me tomorrow†. (Begin: I was†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ) 6. Inspite of my warning Dev, he ignored me. (Begin: Though†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦) 7. The business talks failed because neither side was willing to compromise. (Begin: Since†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ) 8. They were very afraid and so they could not speak. (Begin: Being†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. )